Design of a Fully Automatic Circuit Board Pick-and-Place Robot

Abstract

To resolve manual soldering difficulties encountered by university students, electronics enthusiasts, and small-batch customized users in circuit board assembly, this paper presents the design and implementation of a multifunctional fully automatic circuit board pick-and-place robot. The system employs an Arduino2560 or a self-developed mainboard as the control core, integrating Surface Mount Technology (SMT), modular mechanical structures, and OpenPnP software control to achieve automatic picking, inspection, and placement of electronic components. For surface-mount device handling, the system utilizes a servo positioning mechanism and an intelligent placement head for efficient circuit board assembly. Furthermore, the system supports 3D-printed feeder expansion and can integrate laser cutting and solder paste dispensing functions. Experimental results indicate that the placement relative error for miniature components is within 3%, significantly enhancing small-batch assembly efficiency. With advantages including low cost, ease of DIY customization, and simplified maintenance, the proposed solution demonstrates feasibility and practicality, offering a low-cost and highly flexible intelligent approach for electronic product assembly.